Acronym Definition
LSBT Labor Standards Bureau Tools
LSBT Laguna Seca Blue Tone
LSBT Landing Support Battalion Tour
LSBT Last Stage Blade Tour
LSBT Launch Support Building Team
LSBT Least Significant Bit/Byte Transmission
LSBT Leavey School of Business Tutor
LSBT Level Status Block Transmit
LSBT Liceo Secretarial Bilingue Tutor
LSBT Light Splitter Bank Tour
LSBT LINUX Standard Base Transmission
LSBT List of Successful Bidders Training
LSBT Logistics Support Base Training
LSBT Lower Side Band Teach
LSBT Lower Sideband Transmission
LSBT Lower Sternal Border Transmission
LSBT Logical Sad But True
LSBT Local San Benedetto del Tronto
LSBT Local Scan Based Trading
LSBT Local Scan-Based Trading
LSBT Local Scenario-Based Training
LSBT Local Sea Based Terminal
LSBT Local Segregated Ballast Tank
LSBT Local Self Boot Technology
LSBT Local Self-Booking Tools
LSBT Local Sequencing Based Typing
LSBT Local Shakespeare Birthplace Trust (UK)
LSBT Local Siemens Building Technologies
LSBT Local Single Business Tax (Michigan)
LSBT Local Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão
LSBT Local Small Boat
LSBT Local Small Business Tax (Michigan)
LSBT Local Smart Battery Terminal
LSBT Local Sorry 'Bout That
LSBT Local Spacing Between Turns (inductor coil loops)
LSBT Local Special Boarding Team
LSBT Local Special Boat Team (US Navy)
LSBT Local Special Bureau for Tides (IERS)
LSBT Local Spitzer Boat-Tail (gun)
LSBT Local Staffordshire Bull Terrier
LSBT Local Standard Bidding Tool
LSBT Local State Bank of Travancore (India)
LSBT Large Strange But True
LSBT Local Strategic Business Team
LSBT Local Strategic Business Transformation
LSBT Local Strontium Bismuth Tantalum oxide
LSBT Local Submarine Bathythermograph
LSBT Local Sugar Board of Tanzania
LSBT Local Symmetric Bipartite Table
LSBT Local System Backup Tape
LSBT Local System Baseline Testing
LSBT liver small bowel transplantation
LSBT Lesben, Schwule, Bisexuelle und Transgender
LSBT land surface brightness temperature
LSBT Inter-State Bus Terminus
LSBT Logistics scheduling with batching and transportation
LSBT Low SideBand Transmission
In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or
lower than the carrier frequency, containing power as a result of the modulation
process. The sidebands consist of all the Fourier components of the modulated
signal except the carrier. All forms of modulation produce sidebands.
Amplitude modulation of a carrier wave normally results in two mirror-image
sidebands. The signal components above the carrier frequency constitute the
upper sideband (USB) and those below the carrier frequency constitute the lower
sideband (LSB). In conventional AM transmission, the carrier and both sidebands
are present, sometimes called double sideband amplitude modulation (DSB-AM).
In some forms of AM the carrier may be removed, producing double sideband with
suppressed carrier (DSB-SC). An example is the stereophonic difference (L-R)
information transmitted in FM stereo broadcasting on a 38 kHz subcarrier. The
receiver locally regenerates the subcarrier by doubling a special 19 kHz pilot
tone, but in other DSB-SC systems the carrier may be regenerated directly from
the sidebands by a Costas loop or squaring loop. This is common in digital
transmission systems such as BPSK where the signal is continually present.
Enlarge picture
Sidebands are evident in this Fourier transform of an AM broadcast.
If part of one sideband and all of the other remain, it is called vestigial
sideband, used mostly with television broadcasting, which would otherwise take
up an unacceptable amount of bandwidth. Transmission in which only one sideband
is transmitted is called single-sideband transmission or SSB. SSB is the
predominant voice mode on HF radio. Since the sidebands are mirror images, which
sideband is used is a matter of convention. In amateur radio, LSB is
traditionally used below 10MHz and USB is used above 10MHz.
In SSB, the carrier is suppressed, significantly reducing the electrical power
(by up to 12 dB) without affecting the information in the sideband. This makes
for more efficient use of transmitter power and RF bandwidth, but a beat
frequency oscillator must be used at the receiver to reconstitute the carrier.
Another way to look at a SSB receiver is as an RF-to-audio frequency translator:
in USB mode, the dial frequency is subtracted from each radio frequency
component to produce a corresponding audio component, while in LSB mode each
incoming radio frequency component is subtracted from the dial frequency.
Sidebands can also interfere with adjacent channels. The part of the sideband
that would overlap the neighboring channel must be suppressed by filters, before
or after modulation (often both). In Broadcast band frequency modulation (FM),
subcarriers above 75 kHz are limited to a small percentage of modulation and are
prohibited above 99 kHz altogether to protect the ±75 kHz normal deviation and
±100 kHz channel boundaries. Ham radio and public service FM transmitters
generally utilize ±5kHz deviation.
LSBT Local SBT
SBT, standing for Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (Brazilian Television System),
is a television network in Brazil. The network first aired in 1981, and the
studio headquarters are based in Osasco. SBT is owned by Silvio Santos (born
Senor Abravanel), a popular Brazilian TV host. It's studios are located in São
Paulo.
While most TV stations in Brazil depends mostly on national productions, SBT
depends heavily on imports, mainly from Mexico and USA. For more than 20 years
comedy show El Chavo (shown in Brazil as Chaves) is one of the station's
most-watched shows. The show also has a deal with Warner Brothers which gives
the channel an exclusivity deal to show all their sitcoms, dramas and movies.
For a long time, Mexican soap operas have been one of the most recognizable
things for SBT, mostly during the early 90s when Mexican soap operas reached
it's peak in the country with soaps like the children-oriented Carrosel, La
Usurpadora, El Privelegio de Amar, Luz Clarita and the incredibly successful
Maria trilogy (Maria Mercedes, Marimar, Maria la del Barrio). Compared to the
toned-down Brazilian soaps, Mexican soaps are considered tacky and exaggerated,
but during the 90s were a huge hit with lower-class people.
Other 90s hits include Domingo Legal, a Sunday variety show which during the
late 90s was SBT highest-rated show and surpassed Globo for hours, something
very rare. Domingo Legal was criticized for being excessively sensationalist and
ratings started to decline and after the PCC scandal, ratings declined a lot and
the show now is sometimes in the 3rd place at ratings, far from the time it was
1, Ratinho which had a similar format as Jerry Springer, Show do Milhão, a
non-authorized version from Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and Chiquititas,
which was a big hit among kids.
For over 20 years SBT was the second place in Brazilian television ratings,
behind Rede Globo, but in February 2007 it was outpaced by Rede Record for the
first time in São Paulo City[1].
Since the 90s peak in popularity Mexican soaps have been declining in the
audience hitting an all time-low in the last two years (the last Mexican soap
operas to have big ratings were Carita de Angel in the early 2000s and Rebelde,
which was a phenomenon in 2006). In 2001, SBT decided to star remaking Mexican
soaps with Brazilian actors. The first soaps (Picara Sonhadora and Marisol) did
OK on the ratings but they also hit an all-time low recently, with soaps like
Cristal, Os Ricos Também Choram and Maria Esperança (a version of the
highly-successful Maria Mercedes) scoring very low ratings.
Beside Mexican soaps and their remakes, the channel also air cartoons during the
morning, formats (like Ídolos, Brazilian version of American Idol and the
Brazilian version of Supernanny, which are two of the most-watched shows on the
channel and also a version of Deal or No Deal, presented by Silvio Santos
himself, who presents lots of the network shows), lots of talent shows and one
dating show. The channel also shows movie and A Praça é Nossa, a comedy show
which been one of the network highest-rated show since the very first days.
History
The pre-SBT years
Beginning in the 1960s, Silvio Santos independently produced his own program.
Soon he had a structure able to support his dream of owning his own TV station.
In 1976, thanks to the influence in governmental circles of humourist and his
old-time friend Manoel de Nóbrega, Santos finally obtained a license for his own
station: Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, christened TV Studios, or TVS for short.
Soon its flagship program, the day every-Sunday Programa Silvio Santos, was
being aired from TVS.
When Rede Tupi collapsed in 1980, Santos obtained three stations: São Paulo's
channel 4, Porto Alegre's channel 5 and Belém's channel 5. Thus, SBT was
created, launched officially on August 19, 1981, still using the TVS name. Until
the official SBT's formation, the Silvio Santos Group have other station too
named TVS, in Nova Friburgo (O&O in channel 3).
However, Minas Gerais' TV Alterosa was integrated the future base of SBT
affiliates in 1978. Some way was adopted by Tupi's affilites "orphans", after
his closure in July 18, 1980, by order of brazilian Ministry of Communications,
Haroldo de Matos.
The 80s
In the 1980s, SBT established itself with popular programming, contracting
popular hosts and airing a mix of its own and some Televisa programming,
especially Mexican soap operas telenovelas and comdey shows such as El Chavo
(Chaves) and El Chapulín Colorado (Chapolin). It quickly gained 2nd place
ranking in Brazilian ratings, except for in Rio de Janeiro, where Rede Manchete
occupied this position.
In 1987, Santos turned SBT practically upside-down, pursuing a better 'quality'
programming, while trying to attract a larger audience and better advertisers.
The most significant new personalities signed by the network were humorist, Jô
Soares brought from TV Globo in 1988, thus introducing the concept of late night
talk-shows on Brazilian TV, and Boris Casoy, who became the first anchor in
Brazil with its TJ Brasil news show.
In 1988, Santos was able at the last minute to prevent TV host 'Gugu' Liberato
from signing with TV Globo. This was widely seen as an indication that Gugu
would be Santos' successor on Sunday afternoons, reinforced with the extended
time of Gugu's ' program 'Domingo Legal''.
The 90s
SBT kept the same aggressive approach of the end of the 80s, investing heavily
in its own telenovelas and getting television rights for some important sporting
events (including Copa Mercosur, Copa do Brasil and Cart Championships). Also
kept in touch with its heritage, signing with popular host Carlos 'Ratinho'
Massa, getting more Mexican productions and launching some game shows. In the
end of the decade, SBT was the undisputed 2nd place of Brazilian ratings and
eyeing Globo.
The 2000s
SBT began the decade investing in movies, broadcasting a package of Disney (now
working with Rede Globo) and Time Warner productions.
In 2001, the controversial reality show Casa dos Artistas, accused by many of
being a copy of Endemol's Big Brother marked the first SBT lead the ratings on
Sunday night.
Since 2003, with the advance of Rede Record, SBT entered in a crisis. Two
important facts in this year marked the beginning of its problems:
* Early in the year, Silvio Santos gave an interview with the TV gossip magazine
Contigo, in which he stated that he was ill and had sold SBT. Later, he
confessed that this was intended as a joke.
* The 'Gugu-PCC scandal'. In September 7, Domingo Legal aired an interview with
some so-called members of the criminal group PCC, threatening the deputy mayor
of São Paulo and the hosts of police coverage programs on the compteting TV
Record and Rede TV! networks. Later it was discovered that this was a fake; The
Domingo Legal show was suspended for one week, its audience never recovered, and
Gugu Liberato, its host who was once seen as Silvio Santos' successor, never
recovered his credibility.
Since then, the only notable SBT success has been the airing of the program
Rebelde. Problems have included constantly changing programming without any
warning even to hosts, thus confusing the audience. In 2006 SBT celebrated its
25th birthday amidst a deepening crisis, and culminating with a month-wide loss
of ratings February 2007 to TV Record.
Influence
SBT found much inspiration on United States Television. The network logo was
inspired by the ABC circle logo, and in the late 80's and early 90's, the
institutional campaigns Quem Procura Acha Aqui (1988-1991) and Vem Que é Bom
(1991) were nearly identical copies of NBC's campaigns Let's All Be There and
Come Home to NBC. The sets of versions of American game shows Family Feud, Wheel
of Fortune, Double Dare, and Deal or No Deal bear a very close resemblance to
their American counterparts, although some of these shows were actually
licensed. More recently, the flagship nightly television news program SBT Brasil
opening was very similar to the one used by ABC World News Tonight in 2005 and
now, in 2006 opening is similar to the TVE´s Telediario[2].
Programming
SBT is famous in Brazil for showing Mexican soap operas and comedy shows such as
El Chavo (Chaves) and El Chapulín Colorado (Chapolin), produced by the Mexican
broadcasting network Televisa. SBT also shows American movies, cartoons, and
series, mostly produced by the Time Warner group. It produces several game
shows, with some of them broadcast on Sundays, on the Programa Sílvio Santos.
News
* Jornal do SBT Manhã (morning news), with Analice Nicolau and Hermano Henning
* SBT Brasil (main evening news), with Cyntia Benini and Carlos Nascimento
* Jornal do SBT (late news), with Carlos Nascimento
* SBT Realidade (news articles special), with Ana Paula Padrão
* SBT Repórter (news articles special (but of the archive, current)), with César
Filho
Reality shows
* Casa dos Artistas (Unfficial Brazilian version of the Celebrity Big Brother),
with Silvio Santos
* Ídolos (Brazilian version of the American Idol), with Beto Marden and Lígia
Mendes
* Bailando por um Sonho (Dancing with the Stars, Bailando por un Sueño), with
Silvio Santos
* Supernanny (Brazilian version of the series with the same name), with Cris
Poli
Game shows
* Topa ou Não Topa (Brazilian version of Deal or No Deal), with Silvio Santos
* Curtindo com Reais, with Celso Portiolli
* Vinte e Um (Brazilian version of Twenty One), with Silvio Santos
* Tentação (Brazilian version of Sale of the Century), with Silvio Santos
* Identidade (Brazilian version of Identity) with Adriane Galisteu
Talk shows
* Charme, with Adriane Galisteu
* Hebe, with Hebe Camargo
* Domingo Legal, with Gugu Liberato
* Casos de Família, with Regina Volpato
Comedy shows
* A Praça é Nossa, with Carlos Alberto de Nóbrega
* Sem Controle
Brazilian soap operas
* Maria Esperança (Brazilian version of the mexican novela Maria Mercedes)
* Amigas e Rivais (Brazilian version of the mexican novela Amigas y Rivales)
Mexican soap operas
* La Usurpadora (A Usurpadora)
Mexican series
* El Chapulin Colorado (Chapolin)
* El Chavo del Ocho (Chaves)
* El Chavo, la serie animada (Chaves em Desenho Animado)
Children's shows
* Carrossel Animado, with Priscila and Yudi
* Bom Dia & Cia, with Priscila and Yudi
* Sábado Animado
* Domingo Animado, with Priscila and Yudi
Movie banners
* Oito e Meia no Cinema
* Sessão das Dez
* Tela de Sucessos
* Cine Espetacular
* Cine Belas Artes
* Fim de Noite
* Fim de Noite Legendado
US series
* 7th Heaven (7 °Céu, moved from Band)
* All of Us (Elas e Eu)
* The Closer (Divisão Criminal)
* Cold Case (Arquivo Morto)
* Everwood (Everwood: Uma Segunda Chance)
* Gilmore Girls (Tal Mãe, Tal Filha)
* It's All Relative (Casal Gay)
* Joey (Vida de Artista)
* Maybe It's Me (Os Pesadelos de Molly)
* Medium (A Paranormal)
* My Wife and Kids (Eu, a Patroa e as Crianças)
* Nip/Tuck (Estética)
* One Tree Hill (Lances da Vida)
* Oz
* Six Feet Under (A Sete Palmos)
* Smallville (Smallville: As Aventuras do Superboy)
* Supernatural (Sobrenatural)
* That's So Raven (As Visões da Raven)
* Third Watch (Parceiros da Vida)
* Twins (Q.I. da Loira)
* Two and a Half Men (Dois Homens e Meio)
* Veronica Mars (Veronica Mars: A Jovem Espiã)
* Without a Trace (Desaparecidos)
Previously broadcast
* Alias (Alias - Codinome: Perigo)
* All About the Andersons (Tudo Sobre os Andersons
* Baby Bob (Bob, O Bebê Falante)
* Center of the Universe (Sou o Maior)
* Charmed (Jovens Bruxas, moved from Globo)
* ER (Plantão Médico, moved from Globo)
* Fastlane
* Felicity
* Fresh Prince of Bel Air (Um Maluco no Pedaço)
* Friends (moved from RedeTV!)
* Freddie
* Good Morning Miami (Bom Dia Miami)
* Hot Properties (Corretoras)
* Invasion (Invasão)
* Like Family (Mais que uma Família)
* Miami Vice (moved to Globo in 90's)
* The New Adventures of Old Christine (As Novas Aventuras de Christine)
* The O.C. (O.C.: Um Estranho no Paraíso)
* The Simpsons (Os Simpsons, moved from and to Rede Globo)
* What I Like About You (Coisas que Eu Odeio em Você)
More than five million unique players access
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free and subscription content and is designed to be accessible from any location
with an Internet connection and to run in an ordinary web browser without
straining system resources.
RuneScape takes place in the
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kingdoms, regions, and areas. Players can travel throughout the gaming world on
foot, by using magical teleportation spells or devices, or mechanical means of
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quests to challenge players. Players are shown on the screen as customizable
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Players can engage in combat with other players or with monsters, complete
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With the rising popularity of
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Ultima Online was one of the first
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